基于分段单孔反演的隧址区多断层地应力分布特征

目前，针对具有多个原位地应力测试钻孔的隧址区初始地应力场反演，往往一次性将全部实测值用以计算值的回归反分析，没有考虑到隧道纵向长度远超其他方向且钻孔分布较远的特点，单个钻孔表征的临近区域地应力分布特征或反演精度被其余钻孔实测值“拉低”，导致整体反演结果容易陷入局部优解。依托拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道、叙毕铁路斑竹林隧道、沿江高速火山隧道、木寨岭公路隧道等工程，采用多元线性回归法结合最小二乘法寻优准则，分析了隧址区仅有单个钻孔反演精度较高的原因，提出了对具有多个钻孔的隧址区分段并分别进行单钻孔回归反演的新方法。在此基础上，重点讨论了木寨岭公路隧道断层破碎带区域地应力分布特征。结果表明：分段单孔反演较多孔反演进一步提高了反演精度；地应力的分布在断层前后呈现出先急剧增大后急剧减小的特征；除自重应力与埋深存在一定关联外，两项水平主应力随断层间距或厚度的增大突变性加剧；断层之间间距、断层倾角、断层厚度均是影响地应力方向偏转大小的重要因素，断层之间间距或断层倾角越小、断层越厚，地应力方向偏转越显著。     

Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

神朔铁路钢轨折断风险评估模型研究

钢轨折断是一类严重的线路故障,研究钢轨折断风险评估对保障线路安全具有重要作用。基于模糊推理方法构建钢轨折断风险评估模型,该模型利用设备台账数据、钢轨状态检测数据和维修数据等相关的生产数据,识别钢轨折断致灾因子,量化评定致灾因子状态,建立模糊推理规则库,利用Mamdani模糊推理算法计算钢轨折断风险事件发生的可能性。最后采用神朔铁路神木北至黄羊城区间2013~2015年共3年的实际生产数据对模型的有效性进行验证,结果表明:所建模型可以较好地评估神朔铁路钢轨折断风险事件发生的可能性,对钢轨折断风险管理具有重要指导意义。     

铺缆船用电缆埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力计算

传统的计算埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力的方法一般采用经验公式计算。经验公式依赖丰富的试验数据，且只能适应特定形状和尺寸的埋设犁。由于埋设犁的形状和尺寸各不相同，基于经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的方法准确性不高。根据土力学基本原理，在力学分析的基础上，运用数学方法进行公式推导，得到用于计算不同形状尺寸埋设犁挖掘阻力的理论方法，解决依赖经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的局限性。     

Fracture mechanics analysis for mooring chain links subjected to out-of-plane bending (OPB)

A fracture mechanics (FM) based investigation on the mechanism of out-of-plane bending (OPB) between mooring chain links and its effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links are conducted. Four types of OPB problems that mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, chain links passing over the bending shoe, chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, and chain links constraint provided by the chain stopper are considered. Tension ranges of mooring lines are calculated based on the combined loading process induced by the motions of wave frequency (WF) and low frequency (LF). Initial cracks are assumed to propagate from surfaces of chain links and stress intensity factors are calculated in terms of stress ranges determined by a finite element (FE) analysis. The results show that fatigue lives of mooring chain links are decreased significantly due to OPB effects. In addition, the increase of the number of pockets of chain wheel mitigates OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, and the increase of the track diameter would reduce OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links passing over the bending shoe as well. However, for chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, the diameter of mooring chain hawse has no significant effect on fatigue lives of the mooring chain links subject to OPB if without the abrupt change of the contact conditions between chain links and chain hawse. For mooring links constraint provided by chain stoppers considering the effect of proof loading test, fatigue lives of mooring chain links would drop significantly with the increase of interlink angles and friction coefficient.     

基于ANSYS的三通道储罐结构加固及修复技术

以一台三通道储罐为分析对象,此储罐在轻微压力环境下即发生了局部开裂。以ANSYS有限元方法为基础,通过在内部合理布置T型钢加强筋的方式进行结构加固。并在确保结构强度的前提下,计算出了板制T型钢厚度的最优解。自加固修复后,此三通道储罐已安全运行2 a以上,这种基于ANSYS的结构加固及修复技术,体现了良好的工程实用性和经济性。     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.     

扣件DI弹条非正常部位断裂原因分析及结构优化

通过对DI弹条非正常部位断裂的研究,发现扣件安装时弹条与铁垫板安装孔发生接触,致使弹条在中肢与尾部圆弧过渡区域产生应力集中,发生早期疲劳断裂。本文在研究弹条结构及安装方式的基础上,在弹条的中肢与尾部圆弧过渡区域引入"凹面"结构,对弹条进行结构优化,并通过扣压力和疲劳性能检测、实验室疲劳断裂检验、现场试铺检验等对带有优化"凹面"结构的DI弹条性能进行检测。结果表明:优化后的弹条扣压力和疲劳性能均合格,且能有效抑制因接触产生的非正常部位断裂,提高弹条性能。     

CFRP加固损伤钢板的拉伸及疲劳性能研究

文章基于Dugdale模型理论提出CFRP加固含裂纹钢板加固量的计算方法。通过虚拟裂纹闭合法建立模型来模拟塑性钢板的破坏过程,并完成相关试验,验证了CFRP加固含裂纹钢板有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度取值的有效性。同时利用Paris公式预估疲劳寿命,并结合相关试验数据,探究了CFRP加固对含裂纹钢板疲劳寿命的提高作用。研究表明,有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度的理论取值有效;通过CFRP双侧加固竖裂纹、斜裂纹钢板构件可分别使其疲劳寿命得到显著提高。     

X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。